If you’re looking for the best rowing machines for apartments, I recommend ones that blend compact, space-saving designs with smooth, effective workouts. Many models, like the YOSUDA, MERACH, and Sunny, are foldable, lightweight, and support quiet operations, making them perfect for small spaces. They also offer adjustable resistance and app connectivity for personalized training. Keep exploring to find the perfect fit and learn more details about these designed-for-apartment machines.
Key Takeaways
- Many models feature foldable frames and vertical storage to maximize space in small apartments.
- Resistance systems like magnetic and water offer smooth, quiet workouts suitable for shared living spaces.
- Compact dimensions under 4 feet in length and lightweight designs enhance portability and easy repositioning.
- Connectivity options with apps and virtual training enhance user engagement without taking up extra space.
- Easy assembly, low noise levels, and space-saving features make these rowing machines ideal for apartment living.
YOSUDA Magnetic/Water Rowing Machine for Home
If you’re looking for a durable, space-efficient rowing machine that suits a variety of fitness levels, the YOSUDA Magnetic/Water Rowing Machine is an excellent choice for apartment living. With over 20 years of expertise, YOSUDA designs high-quality equipment trusted by millions. Its sturdy 5mm steel frame supports up to 350 lbs and fits users from 45 to 62 inches tall. The dual magnetic resistance system offers smooth, quiet workouts suitable for beginners and advanced users. Its compact, space-saving design, combined with easy assembly and built-in storage features, makes it perfect for small apartments. Plus, Bluetooth connectivity and a user-friendly monitor enhance your workout experience.
Best For: those living in small apartments seeking a durable, quiet, and space-saving rowing machine suitable for all fitness levels.
Pros:
- Sturdy 5mm steel frame supports up to 350 lbs, ensuring durability and stability.
- Space-saving design with upright storage reduces footprint by up to 70%, ideal for small spaces.
- Quiet dual magnetic resistance system provides smooth, noise-free workouts suitable for any time of day.
Cons:
- Assembly may take approximately 25 minutes and requires following assembly instructions or videos.
- Limited to users within height range of 45 to 62 inches, which may not suit taller or shorter individuals.
- Smartphone/tablet holder might be less secure during vigorous workouts.
MERACH Rowing Machine with Magnetic Resistance and App Compatibility
The MERACH Rowing Machine with Magnetic Resistance and App Compatibility stands out as an excellent choice for apartment dwellers seeking a quiet, space-efficient cardio option. Its magnetic resistance offers 16 adjustable levels, ensuring smooth, quiet workouts perfect for shared living spaces. The dual slide rails mimic wood machines, providing stability, comfort, and preventing wobbling. With a compact footprint of just 1.6 x 5.7 feet, it’s easy to store. The machine’s compatibility with the MERACH app and KINOMAP adds immersive workout options and real-time data tracking. Weighing only 45 pounds and built with durable alloy steel, it’s both portable and sturdy for versatile use.
Best For: apartment dwellers and home users seeking a quiet, space-saving, and versatile rowing machine with app connectivity.
Pros:
- Supports 16 adjustable magnetic resistance levels for smooth and customizable workouts
- Compact design with a small footprint of 1.6 x 5.7 feet, ideal for limited spaces
- Compatible with MERACH and KINOMAP apps for immersive training and real-time data tracking
Cons:
- Weighs 45 pounds, which may be less sturdy for very intense or aggressive rowing sessions
- Does not include tablets or phones in the package, requiring separate devices for app use
- Some users may find assembly challenging despite it being designed to take less than 30 minutes
Rowing Machine for Home with 350 LB Capacity and APP Support
For anyone seeking a durable rowing machine that can handle up to 350 pounds, the YPOO Magnetic Rowing Machine stands out as an excellent choice. It offers quiet, smooth resistance with 16 adjustable levels, reaching up to 99 lbs of force, perfect for varied workouts. The 6.5% incline simulates uphill rowing, engaging multiple muscle groups and boosting calorie burn. Built with a heavy-duty steel frame, it ensures stability and comfort during long sessions. The LCD monitor tracks key metrics, and app compatibility with YPOOFIT and Kinomap adds guided workouts and virtual training. Its compact design and transport wheels make it ideal for small spaces and easy storage.
Best For: individuals seeking a durable, space-efficient rowing machine with high weight capacity and interactive app features for comprehensive home workouts.
Pros:
- Supports users up to 350 lbs with a heavy-duty steel frame for exceptional durability and stability
- Quiet, smooth resistance with 16 adjustable levels and a 6.5% incline for versatile, full-body workouts
- Compact design with transport wheels and vertical storage to maximize space efficiency in small homes or apartments
Cons:
- Assembly may require some time and effort despite step-by-step instructions and video guides
- No power cords needed, but the lack of automated resistance adjustments could limit some users’ preferences
- Limited to indoor or semi-outdoor use, as it’s primarily designed for flat, stable surfaces and may not be suitable for rough outdoor conditions
Sunny Health & Fitness Compact Adjustable Rowing Machine
With its lightweight design and compact footprint, the Sunny Health & Fitness Compact Adjustable Rowing Machine is an ideal choice for apartment dwellers who want a full-body workout without sacrificing space. Weighing just 22.4 pounds, it’s easy to move and store, yet built from durable alloy steel for long-lasting use. Its smooth hydraulic resistance offers 12 adjustable levels, targeting different muscle groups and fitness levels. The machine features quick setup in under five minutes and includes a device holder for entertainment. Quiet operation guarantees you can work out while watching TV or during virtual classes, making it perfect for small spaces.
Best For: individuals living in small spaces or apartments who want a versatile, full-body workout machine that is portable, quiet, and easy to set up.
Pros:
- Lightweight and compact design weighing only 22.4 lbs for easy mobility and storage
- 12 adjustable hydraulic resistance levels for customized workout intensity
- Includes a device holder and access to a comprehensive fitness app with virtual tours and trainer-led workouts
Cons:
- Hydraulic resistance may not provide the same smoothness as air or water rowers
- Assembly, while quick, still requires attaching multiple components for initial setup
- Limited to hydraulic resistance, which might be less durable or responsive compared to other resistance types
MERACH Magnetic Rowing Machine with 16 Levels and App
If you’re looking for a versatile and realistic rowing experience in a compact space, the MERACH Magnetic Rowing Machine with 16 resistance levels and app connectivity is an excellent choice. Its sculls-style design mimics real rowing with 120° arm motion, supporting full chest expansion and varied workout modes like one-arm and alternating strokes. The smooth, stable rail system and quick assembly make setup easy, while the pro-level magnetic resistance offers intense, customizable workouts up to 80 lbs. Bluetooth connection *unlocks* the MERACH app’s library of over 1,000 interactive workouts, courses, and games, plus six months of free premium membership to keep your training engaging and effective.
Best For: individuals seeking a versatile, realistic, and space-efficient rowing machine with interactive training options and customizable resistance levels.
Pros:
- Simulates real rowing with 120° arm motion and multiple workout modes for variety
- Smooth, stable rail system with quick assembly and durable construction supporting users up to 350 lbs
- Bluetooth connectivity to the MERACH app with over 1,000 interactive workouts, courses, and a free 6-month premium membership
Cons:
- Requires Bluetooth pairing and app use, which may be challenging for less tech-savvy users
- Assembly, although quick, still takes around 20 minutes and may require some effort for first-time setup
- The machine’s size and weight capacity may not be suitable for very tall or heavier users outside specified limits
Water Rowing Machine for Home Use
A water rowing machine stands out as an ideal choice for apartment dwellers seeking a quiet yet effective workout option. Its large water tank with adjustable water levels creates realistic resistance that engages up to 90% of your muscles per stroke. Made from durable FSC-certified wood, it supports users up to 77 inches tall and 350 pounds. The foldable design with wheels makes storage simple, fitting into small spaces. The immersive water sound, combined with shock-absorbing rollers and a comfortable ergonomic seat, ensures a smooth, quiet experience. Bluetooth connectivity and a detailed display help track your progress effortlessly, making it perfect for home use.
Best For: apartment dwellers and home users seeking a quiet, space-saving, and effective rowing workout with realistic resistance.
Pros:
- Quiet operation with immersive water sound and shock-absorbing rollers for a smooth workout
- Space-saving foldable design with wheels for easy storage in small spaces
- Adjustable water resistance suitable for users of all skill levels and heights up to 77 inches
Cons:
- Assembly may take around 30 minutes despite being mostly pre-assembled
- Heavier weight (48.9 lbs) may require assistance for moving
- Requires batteries for the Bluetooth monitor, and tablet (not included) for full connectivity features
Concept2 RowErg Indoor Rowing Machine
The Concept2 RowErg Indoor Rowing Machine stands out as an ideal choice for those seeking durability and quiet operation in an apartment setting. Its smooth, air-based resistance and ergonomic handle ensure effective, low-impact workouts for all fitness levels. The PM5 monitor provides precise data, and the machine’s foldable design with caster wheels makes storage simple in limited spaces. Built with sturdy aluminum and steel, it supports users up to 500 pounds, ensuring long-term use. With dimensions of 96 x 24 x 14 inches and a weight of just over 57 pounds, it fits comfortably in a 9×4-foot area, delivering all-encompassing full-body exercise without noise disturbance.
Best For: individuals seeking a durable, quiet, and space-efficient rowing machine suitable for all fitness levels, including apartment dwellers and those in need of low-impact full-body workouts.
Pros:
- Smooth, quiet operation thanks to air-based resistance and high-quality flywheel design
- Sturdy construction supporting users up to 500 pounds for long-term durability
- Compact foldable design with caster wheels for easy storage in limited spaces
Cons:
- Slightly higher price point compared to basic models
- Assembly may require some time despite detailed instructions
- The monitor’s Bluetooth connectivity can sometimes experience connectivity issues with certain devices
FEIERDUN Hydraulic Rowing Machine for Home
Ideal for apartment dwellers seeking an effective full-body workout without sacrificing space, the FeierDUN Hydraulic Rowing Machine delivers smooth resistance and ergonomic comfort. It engages your legs, glutes, back, arms, shoulders, and core, providing a low-impact exercise that minimizes joint stress. With 12 adjustable resistance levels, you can easily customize your workout intensity to target different muscle groups. Weighing just 22.4 lbs, it’s lightweight and portable, perfect for small spaces or on-the-go use. Its sturdy alloy steel construction guarantees durability, and the cushioned seat with a smooth track offers comfort during extended sessions. Quick to assemble, it’s ideal for efficient, space-saving workouts at home.
Best For: apartment dwellers and individuals seeking a space-efficient, full-body, low-impact workout at home.
Pros:
- Engages multiple muscle groups for a comprehensive full-body workout
- Adjustable resistance levels for personalized training and progression
- Lightweight and compact design, easy to store and transport
Cons:
- May require periodic maintenance of hydraulic resistance components
- Limited to users up to 300 lbs, which may not suit all body types
- Assembly, although quick, might still require some basic tools for optimal setup
MERACH Indoor Rowing Machine with Air Resistance and Performance Monitor
If you’re looking for a space-efficient rowing machine that delivers a full-body workout without sacrificing comfort, the MERACH Indoor Rowing Machine is a strong choice. It offers a low-impact, full-body exercise that engages over 86% of major muscle groups in just 20 minutes. The 10-level air resistance system provides up to 110 lbs of peak resistance, suitable for various intensities and users, including taller individuals up to 350 lbs. Its ergonomic design features adjustable footplates and a comfortable seat to promote proper posture. Plus, the performance monitor tracks your workout data and connects via Bluetooth, making it easy to monitor progress and stay motivated.
Best For: individuals seeking a space-saving, full-body low-impact workout machine with adjustable resistance and ergonomic support.
Pros:
- Provides a comprehensive full-body workout engaging over 86% of major muscle groups in just 20 minutes.
- Adjustable air resistance with 10 levels and support for users up to 350 lbs, accommodating various fitness levels.
- Foldable, space-efficient design with quick assembly and easy vertical storage options.
Cons:
- May require initial assembly despite being 90% pre-assembled, which could be challenging for some users.
- The performance monitor, while functional, may have limited advanced tracking features compared to high-end models.
- As a manual resistance machine, it might produce more noise compared to quieter gym equipment.
Rowing Machine with Magnetic Resistance
A rowing machine with magnetic resistance stands out as a top choice for apartment dwellers seeking a quiet, space-efficient workout option. Its upgraded 32 resistance levels and electromagnetic flywheel deliver smooth, consistent power, making workouts effective and customizable. Operating below 25dB, it’s ideal for early mornings or late-night sessions without disturbing neighbors. The compact size of just over 33 inches long, combined with built-in transport wheels, makes storage easy and space-saving. Plus, the smart electronic resistance knob and LCD display provide real-time data, while Bluetooth connectivity to apps like Kinomap offers immersive, motivating exercise experiences—all in a sturdy, durable frame supporting up to 350 pounds.
Best For: apartment dwellers and home users seeking a quiet, space-saving rowing machine with customizable resistance and real-time workout tracking.
Pros:
- Ultra-quiet operation below 25dB, perfect for early mornings and late nights.
- Compact design (33.66 x 7 inches) with built-in transport wheels, easy to store and move.
- 32 adjustable magnetic resistance levels with smooth electromagnetic flywheel for customizable workouts.
Cons:
- Requires Bluetooth-enabled device and app support for full functionality, which may not be compatible with all devices.
- Assembly may be complex for some users due to compact packaging and multiple components.
- Limited to 1-year warranty, which may be shorter compared to higher-end models with extended coverage.
Magnetic Rowing Machine with 350 LB Capacity
The Magnetic Rowing Machine with a 350 lb capacity stands out as a top choice for those needing a sturdy, space-efficient option suitable for small apartments. Its compact, foldable design reduces its footprint by 20%, making it easy to store. Weighing only 33 lbs but supporting users up to 350 lbs, it offers stability thanks to a shark-inspired durable frame. With 16 adjustable resistance levels and peak resistance up to 80 lbs, it delivers effective, low-impact full-body workouts. Bluetooth-enabled with interactive apps, it tracks your progress and provides coaching, making it a versatile, convenient addition to any apartment gym.
Best For: individuals seeking a compact, sturdy, and versatile rowing machine suitable for small spaces and capable of supporting up to 350 lbs.
Pros:
- Space-saving, foldable design reduces footprint by 20%, ideal for apartments and small gyms
- Supports users up to 350 lbs with a durable shark-inspired frame for stability
- Offers 16 adjustable resistance levels and interactive Bluetooth features for customizable workouts
Cons:
- Assembly may take slightly longer for those unfamiliar with the process, despite being pre-assembled at 85%
- Limited to Bluetooth connectivity; no Wi-Fi or additional smart home integrations
- The compact design might feel less suitable for very tall users or those seeking larger, more expansive machines
MERACH Water Rowing Machine for Home Use
For those seeking a space-efficient rowing machine that combines durability with smooth resistance, the MERACH Water Rowing Machine stands out as an excellent choice for home use. Its 180° foldable design makes storage effortless, with bottom wheels that let you move it like a suitcase. Made from solid wood, it supports up to 400 lbs and features a sealed water tank that’s scratch-proof and leak-resistant. The large water tank provides natural resistance, increasing with speed, and engages most muscles per stroke. Plus, the monitor tracks your progress, and Bluetooth connectivity syncs data effortlessly. Assembly is quick, and the sturdy build assures long-lasting performance.
Best For: individuals seeking a space-saving, durable, and smooth-resistance water rowing machine suitable for all skill levels at home.
Pros:
- 180° foldable design with wheels for easy storage and mobility
- Made from solid wood with a high 400 lbs capacity for durability and stability
- Provides natural resistance that increases with speed, engaging most muscles per stroke
Cons:
- Assembly may still take around 10 minutes despite being 98% pre-assembled
- Limited to Bluetooth connectivity without additional advanced features
- Water tank requires periodic maintenance to ensure leak-proof performance
Pooboo Magnetic Rowing Machine with 360 LB Capacity and Folding Design
If you’re looking for a space-efficient rowing machine that can handle heavy use, the Pooboo Magnetic Rowing Machine is an excellent choice. It supports up to 360 pounds, making it sturdy and durable for various users. Its folding design saves space when not in use, perfect for apartments. The machine features a comfortable seat, a tablet holder, and a magnetic resistance system with 14 adjustable levels, allowing for personalized workouts. The large LCD monitor tracks your progress, including distance, time, calories, and more. Easy to assemble in 30 minutes, it combines versatility, quiet operation, and compactness—ideal for effective, convenient home training.
Best For: individuals seeking a sturdy, space-saving rowing machine with customizable resistance for versatile and quiet indoor workouts.
Pros:
- Supports up to 360 pounds, suitable for a wide range of users.
- Folding design saves space, ideal for small home environments.
- 14 adjustable magnetic resistance levels for personalized training intensity.
Cons:
- Assembly may take up to 30 minutes for some users.
- Limited to indoor use due to magnetic resistance system.
- LCD monitor may require occasional calibration for accurate tracking.
Sunny Health & Fitness Magnetic Rowing Machine for Home Exercise
Compact yet sturdy, the Sunny Health & Fitness Magnetic Rowing Machine is an excellent choice for apartment dwellers who want an effective workout without sacrificing space. Its heavy-duty frame supports up to 285 lbs, and the foldable design allows it to stand upright for easy storage—measuring just 36.3L x 23W x 47H inches when folded. The oversized, padded seat glides smoothly along a 43-inch rail, ensuring comfort. With adjustable slip-resistant foot pedals, a foam handlebar, and 16 magnetic resistance levels, it offers versatile, quiet workouts. Plus, a built-in monitor tracks your progress, and the included SunnyFit app keeps you motivated with trainer-led routines.
Best For: apartment dwellers or home exercisers seeking a compact, sturdy, and versatile rowing machine with space-saving features.
Pros:
- Foldable design with upright storage for easy space management
- Quiet magnetic resistance with 16 adjustable levels for versatile workouts
- Comfortable oversized padded seat and slip-resistant foot pedals
Cons:
- Limited to 43-inch slide rail, which may be less suitable for taller users
- No built-in heart rate monitoring feature
- Requires access to a compatible device for app-based workout guidance
Wenoker Magnetic Rowing Machine for Home Use
The Wenoker Magnetic Rowing Machine stands out as an excellent choice for anyone living in an apartment who values quiet, smooth workouts without disturbing neighbors. Its advanced magnetic resistance operates at noise levels below 30 DB, ensuring a peaceful exercise session. The resistance adjusts smoothly, providing consistent intensity, and the machine remains stable even at high resistance. Designed with comfort in mind, it features an ergonomic cushion seat, textured silicone handle, and adjustable foot straps. Its sturdy steel frame, compact size, and built-in transport wheels make it easy to move and store. Plus, the LCD monitor and Bluetooth connectivity help track progress and enhance your workout experience.
Best For: apartment dwellers and anyone seeking a quiet, space-efficient rowing machine for home workouts.
Pros:
- Operates at noise levels below 30 DB, ideal for quiet environments.
- Smooth magnetic resistance provides consistent workout intensity regardless of speed.
- Compact, with built-in transport wheels for easy storage and portability.
Cons:
- May require partial assembly upon delivery, which could be challenging for some users.
- Limited to Bluetooth connectivity with compatible apps, potentially restricting options.
- The ergonomic seat supports users from 45 to 62 inches, which may not suit very tall or very short users.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Rowing Machines for Apartments
When choosing a rowing machine for my apartment, I focus on space-saving designs that fit comfortably. I also consider noise levels to avoid disturbing neighbors, along with resistance options that match my workout needs. Finally, I check user weight limits and connectivity features to make sure it’s a good fit for my routine.
Space-Saving Design
Choosing a space-saving rowing machine is essential for apartment dwellers who want effective workouts without sacrificing their limited space. Look for models with foldable designs that can reduce their footprint by over 70% when not in use, making storage simple and unobtrusive. Compact models typically measure less than four feet in length and width, fitting easily into small rooms or corners. Built-in transport wheels are a big plus, allowing me to move and store the machine effortlessly without needing dedicated space. Vertical storage options are also convenient, letting me stand the machine upright against a wall or in a corner, maximizing room efficiency. Selecting a model with a small footprint and foldable features guarantees I can stay active without cluttering my living space.
Noise Level Control
Since noise can easily disturb neighbors or other household members, selecting a rowing machine with low sound output is essential for apartment living. Magnetic and water resistance models are ideal because they produce less noise than air resistance machines. Magnetic rowers operate below 25dB, making them nearly silent during workouts. Water rowers generate soothing sounds that can be kept at a comfortable volume, creating a calming environment. In contrast, hydraulic rowing machines tend to be noisier, which could disturb others nearby. Choosing a machine with noise levels under 25dB helps maintain a peaceful atmosphere and ensures compliance with noise regulations. Prioritizing quiet operation allows me to exercise without worry about disturbing my neighbors or family members, making these machines perfect for apartment living.
Resistance Types
The type of resistance mechanism in a rowing machine directly impacts not only your workout experience but also how well it fits into an apartment setting. Magnetic resistance is popular for its quiet operation, usually below 25dB, making it ideal for noise-sensitive environments. Water resistance offers a natural sound and resistance that adjusts with water level, providing an immersive feel without loud noise. Air resistance machines generate noise proportional to effort, which can be louder but still manageable with soundproofing. Hydraulic resistance rowers tend to be the quietest, often below 20dB, though they may lack the smoothness of magnetic or water systems. When choosing, consider noise levels, adjustability, and how they align with your living environment’s noise tolerance.
User Weight Limits
To guarantee a rowing machine fits well into your apartment and provides safe, effective workouts, paying attention to its user weight limit is essential. You want a machine whose maximum capacity exceeds your current weight, ensuring safe, long-term use. Most residential models support weights from 285 lbs to 400 lbs, so choose one that matches or surpasses your weight. Always check the manufacturer’s specifications to confirm the weight limit aligns with your needs. If you’re near the upper limit, consider the durability and stability of the frame to prevent wobbling or damage during intense sessions. If your weight changes or multiple users will use the machine, periodically verify the weight capacity to maintain safety and performance over time.
Connectivity Options
Choosing a rowing machine with the right connectivity options can substantially enhance your workout experience in an apartment. I look for models with Bluetooth or Wi-Fi that sync seamlessly with fitness apps, making it easy to track my progress. Support for popular apps like Kinomap, Zwift, or FitShow transforms workouts into immersive virtual experiences, keeping me motivated. Built-in monitors with Bluetooth compatibility are a bonus, as they allow wireless connection to my smartphone or tablet, reducing clutter and saving space. Wireless connectivity makes setup cleaner and more convenient in small apartments. I also check that the machine’s app support and firmware updates are frequent, ensuring ideal performance and compatibility over time. Good connectivity options make workouts more engaging and hassle-free.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Noisy Are These Rowing Machines During Operation?
These rowing machines are generally quite quiet during operation, which is perfect for apartment living. I’ve used a few, and I notice only a soft swooshing sound from the water or air resistance, depending on the model. The quieter ones use magnetic resistance, making them virtually silent. Overall, you won’t have to worry about disturbing neighbors or family members while getting your workout in.
Are These Machines Suitable for Users With Limited Space?
Yes, these rowing machines are perfect for users with limited space. I’ve found that their compact designs easily fit into small apartments without sacrificing workout quality. They slide smoothly into closets or corner spots, making storage simple. Plus, their foldable options help save even more room when not in use. I love how they combine functionality with space efficiency, so I can stay active without cluttering my living area.
Do They Require Professional Assembly or Can I Set Them up Myself?
Think of assembling a rowing machine as planting a seed—you can do it yourself with patience. Most models I’ve come across are designed for easy setup, requiring no professional help. I recommend following the detailed instructions provided; they’re clear and straightforward. With a little time and focus, you’ll have your workout oasis ready without needing to call in specialists. It’s a rewarding process that puts you in control from start to finish.
What Maintenance Is Needed to Keep the Machines in Good Condition?
To keep my rowing machine in good shape, I regularly wipe it down after use to prevent dust and sweat buildup. I also check the moving parts and tighten any loose bolts every few months. Lubricating the chain or slide rail as recommended by the manufacturer keeps it running smoothly. Simple maintenance like this helps extend its lifespan and ensures I get the most effective workout every time I use it.
Can These Rowing Machines Be Stored Easily When Not in Use?
Absolutely, these rowing machines are so compact, they could hide behind a thin book! When not in use, I just fold or slide mine into a closet or corner without any hassle. Their space-saving design makes storage a breeze, perfect for apartment living. You won’t even notice they’re there until you’re ready for a quick, effective workout. Trust me, storing them is as simple as folding a napkin!
Conclusion
So, there you have it—your ticket to a sleek, space-saving workout oasis. Who knew that building muscle and saving your apartment from gym chaos could be so stylish? Whether you’re into water resistance or magnetic tech, these machines prove you don’t need a gym-sized apartment to get fit. Now, go ahead, pick one, and turn that tiny space into your personal fitness kingdom—because who says you can’t have it all?
